Python中的datetime
Python有datetime模块来处理日期和时间。
import datetime
print(dir(datetime))
['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']
使用dir或help内置命令，可以了解特定模块中可用的函数。正如您所见，在datetime模块中有许多函数，但我们将重点关注日期，日期时间，时间和时间差。让我们逐个看看它们。
获取日期时间信息
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
print(now) # 2021-07-08 07:34:46.549883
day = now.day # 8
month = now.month # 7
year = now.year # 2021
hour = now.hour # 7
minute = now.minute # 38
second = now.second
timestamp = now.timestamp()
print(day, month, year, hour, minute)
print('timestamp', timestamp)
print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 8/7/2021, 7:38
时间戳或Unix时间戳是从1970年1月1日协调世界时开始经过的秒数。
使用strftime格式化日期输出
from datetime import datetime
new_year = datetime(2020, 1, 1)
print(new_year) # 2020-01-01 00:00:00
day = new_year.day
month = new_year.month
year = new_year.year
hour = new_year.hour
minute = new_year.minute
second = new_year.second
print(day, month, year, hour, minute) #1 1 2020 0 0
print(f'{day}/{month}/{year}, {hour}:{minute}') # 1/1/2020, 0:0
使用strftime方法进行日期时间格式化，文档可以在此处找到。
from datetime import datetime
# current date and time
now = datetime.now()
t = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
print("time:", t)
time_one = now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
# mm/dd/YY H:M:S format
print("time one:", time_one)
time_two = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
# dd/mm/YY H:M:S format
print("time two:", time_two)
time: 01:05:01
time one: 12/05/2019, 01:05:01
time two: 05/12/2019, 01:05:01
以下是我们用来格式化时间的所有strftime符号。此模块的所有格式示例。
字符串转时间——使用strptime
from datetime import datetime
date_string = "5 December, 2019"
print("date_string =", date_string)
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %B, %Y")
print("date_object =", date_object)
date_string = 5 December, 2019
date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
使用datetime的日期
from datetime import date
d = date(2020, 1, 1)
print(d)
print('Current date:', d.today()) # 2019-12-05
# 今天的日期的日期对象
today = date.today()
print("Current year:", today.year) # 2019
print("Current month:", today.month) # 12
print("Current day:", today.day) # 5
时间对象代表时间
from datetime import time
# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
a = time()
print("a =", a)
# time(hour, minute and second)
b = time(10, 30, 50)
print("b =", b)
# time(hour, minute and second)
c = time(hour=10, minute=30, second=50)
print("c =", c)
# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
d = time(10, 30, 50, 200555)
print("d =", d)
a = 00:00:00
b = 10:30:50
c = 10:30:50
d = 10:30:50.200555
在时间上的两点之间的差异使用
today = date(year=2019, month=12, day=5)
new_year = date(year=2020, month=1, day=1)
time_left_for_newyear = new_year - today
# Time left for new year: 27 days, 0:00:00
print('Time left for new year: ', time_left_for_newyear)
t1 = datetime(year = 2019, month = 12, day = 5, hour = 0, minute = 59, second = 0)
t2 = datetime(year = 2020, month = 1, day = 1, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
diff = t2 - t1
print('Time left for new year:', diff) # Time left for new year: 26 days, 23: 01: 00
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